Evaluating Remedial / Developmental Education Essay

Colleges have been changing how they approach education dramatically over the last decade. For many years, the common perception of how colleges were preparing students involved, teachers providing lectures, students doing various homework assignments and then being evaluated. Students either passed or failed. How much time and effort individuals put into their studies became the only way colleges measured student success outcomes. Often, colleges did not find themselves bearing the burden of responsibility for poor student outcome statistics. In recent years, the responsibility for student success has begun to fall more heavily on the schools. As the shift in responsibility switched, colleges have challenged themselves with redefining how they approach educating students. According to Grubb and Associates’ article, From Black Box to Pandora’s Box. Evaluating Remedial/Developmental Education, â€Å"Accepting this responsibility means identifying and then corre cting the many possible reasons for non-completion or failure to learn- in short, providing remedial/developmental education, tutoring, counseling, and other forms of student services† (4). Within college education, there are two main types of schools. Students either enroll in a four-year university or a two-year community college. Where they are able to gain acceptance, often, depends on their level of preparedness. Two- year colleges have less demanding admission requirements. Christopher Shults article,Show MoreRelatedHow Education Has Changed Over The Last Decade Essay2238 Words   |  9 PagesColleges have changed how they approach education dramatically over the last decade. For many years, the common perception of how colleges were preparing students involved, teachers providing lectures, students doing various homework assignments and then being evaluated. Students either passed or failed. How much time and effort individual’s put into their studies b ecame the only way colleges measured student success outcomes. Often, colleges did not find themselves bearing the burden of responsibilityRead MoreIdentifying Emerging Issues in Higher Education3377 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿Running Head: Identifying an Emerging Issue in Higher Education Identifying an Emerging Issue in Higher Education Identifying an Emerging Issue in Higher Education Since time immemorial, education has been undoubtedly and certainly the most significant component of development for not only the individual that help them in achieving their status and prosperity but also for the entire countrys economic growth and equity. Besides, higher education is a necessity that can lead the nation towards successRead MoreThe Success Of Learning Disabled High School Students806 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom survey of academic orientations scores. Research in Higher Education, 42(6) 709-723 Belch, H. (2004). Retention and students with disabilities. Journal of College Student Retention, 6 (1) 3-22. Brandt, M. Berry, J. (1991). Transitioning college-bound students with learning disabilities. Intervention in School and Clinic, 26 (5), 297-391. Brinckerhoff, L. C., Shaw, S. F., McGuire, J. (2002). Promoting postsecondary education for students with learning disabilities. Second Edition. AustinRead MoreThe Literacy Education Is Not A New Issue1810 Words   |  8 Pagespostsecondary education. The College Board (2013) reports as many as 57% of students completing the SAT exams did not meet the benchmark for college level coursework; this figure may present low, as it does not necessarily include the countless students who do not attempt the test, as they are planning on attending postsecondary schools not requiring these scores for admissions or not planning on continuing their education after high school. Individuals might point fingers at secondary education and blameRead MorePrenatal Alcohol Exposure And Ability, Academic Achievement, And School Functioning Essay1238 Words   |  5 Pagesdisorders (ARND) that are expressed as developmental, disabilities, behavior, and learning problems (Stratton, Howe, Battaglia, (199 6).† The authors’ theory was based on a survey issued by Barr, Kogan, and Bookstein (1996). The survey was issued to 441 clients which revealed that 60% of those patients who were 12 years or older, had either been expelled, suspended or dropped out. This common finding among them were called disrupted school experiences. After evaluating the surveys, authors saw a correlationRead MoreAnalysis of The Doctoral Research Process 1562 Words   |  7 Pages Fizmaurice, 2011). Some authors describe critical thinking as the directing of writer’s thoughts in a comprehensible manner (Elder Paul, 1994). Other thinkers expand this thought indicating that critical thinking involves: asking questions, evaluating data, assessing information, thinking with an open mind, and conveying the information efficiently to others (Duron, Limbach, Waugh, 2006). While good writing skills are necessary to communicate information effectively, many schools of higherRead MoreCollege Readiness System5622 Words   |  23 PagesCOLLEGE STUDENTS Defining College Readiness from the Inside Out: First-Generation College Student Perspectives Kathleen Byrd, M. Ed. Developmental Education Reading and English Instructor South Puget Sound Community College 132 Plymouth St. N.W., Olympia, WA 98502 kathb@u.washington.edu. (360) 754-2889 Ginger MacDonald, Ph.D. Director and Professor of Education University of Washington, Tacoma 1900 Commerce Street, WCG – 324, Tacoma, WA 98402 gmac@u.washington.edu. (253) 692-5690 CollegeRead MoreThe Benefits of Year Round Education and Extended School Days2809 Words   |  12 PagesYear round education (YRE) is implemented in 436 U.S. school districts with very few complaints. In fact, school districts that have been participating in YRE and extended school days (ESD) are raving about the benefits in pupils achievement level, their new found enthusiasm in learning, as well as the many programs that exist in the extended day promoting the decline in latch key children. Some schools decided to initiate YRE and ESD because of swelling enrollments and lack of student achievementRead More The Benefits of Year Round Education and Extended School Days2729 Words   |  11 Pages Year round education (YRE) is implemented in 436 U.S. school districts with very few complaints. In fact, school districts that have been participating in YRE and extended school days (ESD) are raving about the benefits in pupils achievement level, their new found enthusiasm in learning, as well as the many programs that exist in the extended day promoting the decline in latch key children. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Some schools decided to initiate YRE and ESD because of swelling enrollmentsRead MoreTest Analysis : Tests Analysis Essay2701 Words   |  11 Pagesthe instrument?s theoretical and methodological subtleties. Nevertheless, the author does highlight what can be deemed the previously unexplored domains for the screen?s practical deployment, such as using it within the context of how one designs a remedial intervention. 4. The article?s main finding is that, even though there is the apparent lack of axiomatic integrity to the discussed instrument, there can be only a few doubts about its practical usefulness, ?The Brigance Kl Screen? is a well-organized

The Role Of John Proctor In The Crucible - 1242 Words

Miller Arthur’s play â€Å"The Crucible† takes place in Salem, the event of this play is about the witch trials. These witch trials had many different reactions and results, it influenced people in many different ways. The trials broke the whole village into different sides of their view of the trials, people get accused of being a witch or studying/practicing witchcraft and their trial could come with many different consequences. The trial would either lock up or hang those who are accused to but decline witchery, however, those who admit to it whether it is a lie or not don’t face this fate. These trials rip the people in many ways, turn others against each other and change their beliefs and the options they may take upon their†¦show more content†¦Act 1 page 150, Proctor: â€Å"Abby, I may think of you softly from time to time. But I will cut off my hand before I’ll ever reach for you again. Wipe it out of mind. We never touched, Abby.† Around the middle of the play Abigail takes action and accused Elizabeth to be a witch and made a plan that would get the judges attention and to question Goody Proctor in court. Proctors servant, Mary, made a poppet in court next to Abby and left a needle in its stomach, Abby saw this as an opportunity and stabbed herself in the same area to make it look like Elizabeth sent her soul out to attack her. Elizabeth denied that she made the poppet and didn’t attack Abby, the Judges sent Elizabeth in a prison for no confession. John suspects that all of this is Abby’s doing and had a change of perspective, he was determined to do whatever he could to prove his wife’s innocence. John is aware that Abby was lying about the whole witchcraft when Abby talked with him, John needed a way to prove it or get the judges to see her for what she is. John confesses to the court of his sin for adultery with Abigail to prove she has a desire to get rid of his wife by accusing her, this information shocked the court and the judge s view of Abigail changes. Act 3 page 193, Proctor’s confession; Proctor: â€Å"In the proper place-where my beasts are bedded. On the last night of my joy, some eight months past. She used to serve me in my house, sir. A man may think God sleeps, but GodShow MoreRelated The Role of John Proctor in Arthur Millers The Crucible Essay2539 Words   |  11 PagesThe Role of John Proctor in Arthur Millers The Crucible Arthur Miller wrote the play The Crucible to show the historical parallel between the Salem witch trials of 1692 and the McCarthy witch hunt of the late 1940 and 50s. The character John Proctor seems to represent and show the viewpoint of a real man, unaffected by hysteria; a difficult thing to portray during the 1950s in the USA, due to the fear and hate of Communism and the witch hunt for communistsRead MoreThe Crucible1591 Words   |  7 PagesThe Crucible Many different parts form together to make up the society we see in The Crucible, written by Arthur Miller. Whether it be religion, government, or social roles; they all play some sort of impacting part to the characters we met while watching The Crucible. Who knew that religion and government could change a person’s life in a matter of minutes like it did so many times throughout the movie. The characters like Abigail Williams and John Proctor both knew the risks of going againstRead MoreCompare And Contrast John Proctor In The Crucible709 Words   |  3 Pagesare several different kinds of heroes represented in The Crucible. In Arthur Millers novel, the Crucible, the story takes place in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692 during the Salem witch trials. During this time, several people, men and women alike, are falsely accused of being witches. John Proctor and his wife Elizabeth are both falsely accused of being witches, so both husband and wife need to fight for their lives. I n the Crucible, John Proctor goes to great lengths to not only try to save ElizabethsRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1681 Words   |  7 Pagesplay an important role in our everyday lives. It is how we are defined as people. There is no middle when it comes to reputation, only good or bad. People will act a certain way based on their reputations. Some will go out of their way to the last dying breath to make sure they leave with a good or bad reputation. In one of the recent literature study in class â€Å"The Crucible† by Arthur Miller, Miller uses characterization to illustrate reputation throughout the play. â€Å"The Crucible† takes place in SalemRead MoreEssay about Themes in The Crucible1294 Words   |  6 PagesThemes in The Crucible In the crucible Arthur Miller takes the chilling story of the Salem witch hunt in 1692 and combines it with the issues of McCarthyism in the 1950s. The play reflects Miller’s ideas and opinions about McCarthyism and what he thinks are the similarities to the Salem witch hunts. Proctor is the main character Millers uses to reflect the unfairness of the Salem and McCarthy trials and how the truth died in the 1950s. This makes Proctor’s role very dramatic and excitingRead MoreElizabeth Proctor Character Analysis1484 Words   |  6 PagesIn a town plagued by judgment and fraud, Elizabeth Proctor is an outlier. With impeccable morals and ethics, Elizabeth Proctor attempts to stay adamant with her traits despite the hysteria that provided a challenge. Throughout the story of â€Å"The Crucible,† Elizabeth proctor is constantly put under severe tests that impact both her character and others that are close to her. Much like many other characters from the story, Elizabeth discovers the faults in herself and how they furthered the hysteriaRead MoreComparative Essay: the Crucible and the Kite Runner1369 Words   |  6 PagesThe Kite Runner, written by Khaled Hosseini, and The Crucible, written by Arthur Miller, share many similar themes, characters, and ideas. One particular theme that is present throughout both of these written pieces is love. Defined by the Oxford Dictionar y, love is a strong positive emotion of regard and affection. It can be found in moments of one’s life, through relationships, and through people. In The Kite Runner and The Crucible, one can see the similarities of love through friendship, paternalRead MoreArthur Miller s The Crucible Essay1194 Words   |  5 PagesMiller’s The Crucible, the normal criteria that a central character fits, is not met by the apparent protagonist, John Proctor. Common traits one might expect to find in a traditional hero are humility, patience and caring. John Proctor, while he is the principal, has many qualities that could instead assume him the role of the antagonist and land him in the adversary box. His background and slight character flaws cause him to take on the personalities of both a protagonist and antagonist. Proctor, becauseRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1052 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish 9 CP 14th October 2014 The Crucible Essay The Crucible was a novel written by Arthur Miller in the 1950’s. It was written in a format of the play, portraying an allegory of the Salem Witch-Hunts led by Senator Joseph McCarthy. The book is known to have a inexplicable plot. This plot is advanced by multiple characters in the book in order to ensure that the reader maintains interest with the material that is being read. The farmer, John Proctor, would be the individual capable of evolvingRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller993 Words   |  4 Pagesthe famous 1950’s play, The Crucible. In Miller’s The Crucible, reputation plays an influential role in the outcome of the play. A major portion of the population is led to plead guilty in order to save their reputation, have their reputation ruined by pleading innocent, or ruin their reputations so as to protect others. Several of these characters are Sarah Good, Rebecca Nurse, and John Proctor. The first of multiple characters in Arthur Miller’s play, The Crucible who has their reputation tarnished

Stoichiometry of a Precipitation Reaction Free Essays

|| || Data Tables: Step 3: Show the calculation of the needed amount of Na2CO3 Convert 1. 0g of CaCl2-. 2H2O to moles of CaCl2-. We will write a custom essay sample on Stoichiometry of a Precipitation Reaction or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2H2O 1. 0g x 1 mole CaCl2-. 2H2O 147. 0 g CaCl2-. 2H2O = 0. 00680 moles CaCl2-. 2H2O The mole ratio is 1:1 Hence if we have 0. 00680 moles of CaCl2-. 2H2O we will as well need 0. 00680 moles of Na-2CO3 Convert moles of Na-2CO3 to grams of Na2CO3 = 0. 00680 moles Na-2CO3 x 105. 99g Na-2CO3 1 mole Na-2CO3 = 0. 72g This means that we need 0. 72g of Na-2CO3 to fully react with 1g of CaCl2-. H2O Step 4: Mass of weighing dish_0. 7___g Mass of weighing dish and Na2CO3__1. 4__g Net mass of the Na2CO3 __0. 7__g Step 6: Mass of filter paper __0. 7__g Step 10: Mass of filter paper and dry calcium carbonate__1. 2__g Net mass of the dry calcium carbonate_0. 5___g (This is the actual yield) Step 11: Show the calculation of the theoretical yield of calcium carbonate. The mole ration between CaCl2-. 2H2O and CaCO3 is 1:1 that means that if we have 0. 00680 moles of CaCl2-. 2H2O we will get 0. 00680 moles CaCO3 Convert the moles of CaCO3 to grams of CaCO3 = 0. 00680 moles CaCO3 x 100 g CaCO3 1 mole CaCO3 = 0. 68g CaCO3 Show the calculation of the percent yield. = Actual yield/Theoretical yield x 100 = 0. 5/0. 68 x 100 = 73. 5% Conclusion: The objective of the experiment is to predict the amount of product produced in a precipitation reaction using stoichiometry. Secondly, the experiment accurately measures the reactants and products of a reaction. Also, the experiment is to determine actual yield vs. theoretical yield and to calculate the percent yield. For example in this experiment, we were able to predict that we need 0. 72g of Na-2CO3 to fully react with 1g of CaCl2-. 2H2O. Another example is that, we calculate the amount of theoretical yield of Calcium Carbonate to be 0. 68g and the percentage yield to be 73. 5%. The scientific principles involved here was that when two or more soluble substances in separate solutions are mixed together to form an insoluble compound they settles of a combined solution as a solid. The solid insoluble compound is called a precipitate. For example in this experiment, we combined sodium carbonate and calcium chloride dehydrates to produce a precipitate of calcium carbonate. The formula mathematically is Na2CO3(aq) + CaCl2. 2H2– = CaCO3(s) + 2NaCl(aq) + 2H2O. Sources of Error and ways to minimize them: There may still be some solid particles in the beaker thereby we will not be able to get the correct mass (quantity) of the Calcium Carbonate. To minimize the error we should use an instrument that can be able to scoop out the entire solid from the beaker. Also if the water in the Calcium Carbonate is not properly dried, the net mass of the Calcium Carbonate can be extremely high. To solve this we must make sure the Calcium Carbonate is well dried. Error of approximation: the molar mass if not well approximated, can lead to an error in the calculation. To minimize this error the instruction should indicate how many decimal point or how significant figure to approximate to. I am highly impressed with the experiment. How to cite Stoichiometry of a Precipitation Reaction, Essay examples

Marketing Management Strategic Advertising Management

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Management for Strategic Advertising Management. Answer: Introduction: Googles core value relate to the unification, robustness as well as transparency. Jobber and Ellis-Chadwick (2012 mentioned that the company services are offered throughout the global market and shall have an influence on the business sustainability of the entity. The company has proven itself over the years and has developed as a successful brand name in the global market. Kotler et al. (2015) mentioned that the companys core brand values shall have served the organization over a period of time and developed brand reputations and brand identity over a period of time. The Google is a fast track search engine and covers every political, legal as well as social events. ("Google", 2016). The brand operates in a number of countries and considers the local culture as well as traditions in the local market. The brands core values have assisted the business entity in developing the marketing and the operational policies of the business entity. The companys core value shall relate to the dev elopment and the marketing strategies of the business entity. Google has developed its business policies as per the local cultures and the traditions of the business entity. Thus, this has been a major factor in developing a distinct brand reputation in the international market. Google has been an effective brand name in the international market and shall assist the business entity in the development of the market . Armstrong et al. (2012) mentioned that the brand has been operating in an intensively competitive market where newer developments has been executed on a daily basis. Thus, this has assisted the business entity in developing a sustainable business model in the international market. It has used the four 4ps marketing like product, promotion, price and place to effectively monitors its business operations over a period of time . Google is on the verge of expansion and has developed a wide range of products and services for the buyers in the global market. The brand has widened its portfolio in order to capture a larger market share. Thus, this has assisted the business entity in developing a positive perception on the buyers. Shani Chalasan (2013) mentioned that to explore newer market segments, the company has the ability has to develop competitive business strategies. In this regard, it can be said that the brand is right in taking on Microsoft and that shall assist the customers in attracting potential customers towards the brand. Armstrong et al. (2012) stated that Google has been taking legal aid against the measures taken by the Chinese government regarding censorship search. As such, this has enabled the business entity to develop effective measures for the growth and the development of the business entity. Google has been emphasizing in overcoming its threats in the international market. As such, th is has assisted the business entity in identifying its discrepancies and taking rectification measures for organization growth. As rightly stated by De Mooij (2013), this leads to every aspect of the promotional and the distribution process in the business entity . In this regard , this has assisted the business enterprise to reduce the production and the distribution expenses in the organization . The brand also taken aggressive advertising and promotional policies for the organizational growth. As such, this has assisted the organization to counter the external marketing factors in the organization. If Googles efforts leads to success this shall enable the business entity in developing newer markets for the business enterprise. Case study on Microsoft Evaluation of the Microsofts strategy in both good and poor times Microsoft is regarded as the best programming organization in the world that has the objective of serving PC to each and every office area as well as in every household with the Microsoft program running in the computers (Microsoft Official Home Page., 2016). The strategy of the management of the Microsoft during the good economic situation was to be become a product manufacturer and employ it s own operating system that can be accessed by different PC makers for the purpose of utilization in diverse Personal computers devices. During the year 1980s, the Microsoft launched the operating system DOS for the IBM personal computer (Microsoft Official Home Page., 2016). The management of the company Microsoft made use of the inertial accomplishments along with the company IBM in order to provide programming services to other manufacturers that quickly made Microsoft a giant player in this particular industry. This can be considered to be one of the advancements for the company Microsoft and helped the company to become faster with the inertial publicizing efforts that is focussed on conveying the company a series of different items that range from DOS to the launch of Excel as well as Windows. Again, with the dispatch of internet, the Windows launched one of the best programmes in the world and later on in 1986 opened the Windows operating system along with the Microsoft Office (Microsoft Official Home Page., 2016). Again, the system again dispatched the applications that can be considered to be a point of reference for Microsoft in order to increase the future profit level (Hutt Speh, 2014). Later on, the management of Microsoft also discovered another moment of accomplishment when the company dispatched the window 3.0 that is provided with a windows symbol along with applications such as the file manager and at the same time program manager. Again, the strategy of different IT firms during the poor economic times can be characterized by the low cost solution.T he management of the Microsoft also adopted the strategy of adopting different high value solutions at a very low cost to assist different business enterprises in enhancing the productivity, accelerating the agility and the reducing the costs. Discussion of the pros and cons of Microsofts I am a PC campaign The company Microsoft launched the Vista and attempted to replicate the Apples (Macs) navigation (Microsoft Official Home Page., 2016). The company launched the first campaign for the purpose of accomplishing the desire of the company to become trendier and follow the Macs. The advertisement used to display both the Personal Computers and the Macs together that often felt perplexed the target consumers. However, the recent campaigns of the company illustrate the intention and the target audience of the company better. The campaign elucidates the Microsofts loyalists in need of a fancier computer. The consumer is then brought inside a room that is full of innovative items dispatched by Microsoft and the specific consumer becomes relieved to acquire an updated and advanced computer that the particular customer knows the handle. On the whole, it can be said that the focus of the campaign is not on the advanced portable technology. The stress on the advanced mobile technology could have fetched better results for the company (Percy Elliott, 2012). Case study on IDEO IDEO is one of the largest designing consultancy firms in the United States (IDEO | A Design and Innovation Consulting Firm. 2016). This particular company creates some icons of technology age involving first laptop computer and digital video recorder. Why has IDEO been so successful? What is the most difficult challenge it faces in conducting its research and designing its products? IDEO has been so successful mainly due to development of most efficient plan. It aims at gathering the much-needed information at the time of conducting market research. The design thinking approach undertakes IDEO employing its primarily based on customers as well as actively participation at the same time (Kotler et al., 2015). The main reason behind success of IDEO is having some cultural values for making team in an effective way. IDEO is an award-winning global design firm that mainly takes human-centered as well as design-based research in helping organization in public and private sectors. This particular company strives best in designing products that consumers needs and offers superior experience as well as solving problems. With the help of observational research, IDEO insights mainly into consumer behavior approach for future analysis purpose (Kotler, 2012). It uses behavioral mapping for assessing as well as learning consumer attitudes in certain areas for direct interact ion within customers leading to success in the near future. IDEA faces biggest challenge in conducting its research as well as designing of products with potential customers. Success mainly depends upon customers as well as interaction and this proves to be the major problem with IDEO (Best, 2012). In most of the cases, they had to dig deep: for creating consumer friendly solutions as well as preferences at the same time. IDEO faces challenges in every step but builds fantastic research process in order to process better results. In the end, IDEO creates great solutions for companies that then receive all the credit. Should IDEO try to create more brand awareness for itself? Why or why not? IDEO is one of the consulting firms whose main business is to analyze research as well as draw conclusions to its potential client base. IDEO does not have to create any extra brand awareness for itself in any form. IDEO has built its reputation for solving usability problems for the clients leading to countless success stories as well as awards for the consulting firm. IDEO mainly aims at creating marketing research approach for receiving all the credit (Homburg et al., 2013). They have essential brand awareness in and within the business community. This involves clients like PG, Ford Motor Company, bank of America as well as Nike and Prada. Case study on JIM Thompson Thai Silk Company How did JTTS extend its product line? Do you think JTTS has extended too much? JIM Thompson Thai Silk Company extended its product line by using differentiation options for future analysis purpose (JIM THOMPSON - The Thai Silk Company | Fabrics, Restaurants and Bars, Shop Online, Publications, Farm. 2016). JIM Thompson Thai Silk Company entered into weaving for ensuring product differentiation in relation with product features. Home furnishing market at Bangkok requires main wall covering as well as upholstery fabric. It asks for replacement fabric in precise matches the color of original fabric. Most of the contract weavers cannot meet the actual requirement leading to great challenge by JIM Thompson Thai Silk Company. Therefore, JIM Thompson Thai Silk Company develops own weaving capacity in serving differentiating its products from competitors. JIM Thompson Thai Silk Company develops silk fabric products like neckties, printed silk as well as printed cushion covers for transforming delicate filament as produced by silkworm. It requires in following spinning, weaving as well as sewing steps and printing at the same time (Hollensen, 2015). Do you think JTTS is differentiated sufficiently from other lifestyle brands? JIM Thompson Thai Silk Company differentiates its products for entering into latest lifestyle era of globalization. JIM Thompson Thai Silk Company requires options for further improvement for attainment of future goals as well as objectives at the same time. JIM Thompson Thai Silk Company should attempt in producing sustainable competitive advantage in the silk industry. JIM Thompson Thai Silk Company powers in establishing communication among the coordinates in the most appropriate way. JIM Thompson Thai Silk Company should make strategies in opening retail stores in major foreign cities for improving the sales as far as possible (Foxall, 2014). JIM Thompson Thai Silk Company renders top priority in capturing the home furnishings market at first place. The next priority is to build retail shops especially at puket as well as samui sea beaches. Case study on Fulla Dolls The Fulla Dolls has been able to suit its marketing strategy as per the requirement s of the target market segment. As such, this shall have an influence on the assessment procedures of the business entity. However, there are certain cons that can pose a threat to the sustainability of the business entity in the long run . De Mooij (2013) mentioned that the Fulla dolls development of the selective market strategies have narrowed its target segment of consumes in the domesti and the global market. The selective target marketing shall assist the business entity in developing the goals and the objectives of the business entity. As such, the selective target marketing strategy has assisted the business enterprise in reducing the production expenses of the business organization. The Fulla dolls shall increase its sales by using the online web portals to develop informal relationships with the users. Thus, this has assisted the business to develop greater awareness levels among the consumes. In addition, this shall assist the business enterprise in executing online orders. According to Sheth Sisodia (2015), the selective marketing strategy shall help Fullar Dolls in identifying the target s segment of consumers for the buyers. However, the pricing policies of the organizations have to be developed to aid the development of the business sustainability of the business entity. The segmentation strategy cannot be called too selective. Czinkota and Ronkainen (2013) mentioned that the brand focuses on children of various segments. In this regard, it can be said that the business entity has been delivering consistent business performances over a period in the domestic and the international market (Kotler, 2012). As such, this has enabled the business entity to facilitate business growth and expansion in the global market. Boone and Kurtz (2013) mentioned that the segmentations business strategy has been one of the pillars in the marketing strategy of the business entity. It has enabled the business entity to reduce the expenses and acquiring a newer portfolio of customers. References Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., Brennan, R. (2012). Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Prentice-Hall, London. Boone, L. E., Kurtz, D. L. (2013). Contemporary marketing. Cengage learning. Czinkota, M. R., Ronkainen, I. A. (2013).International marketing. Cengage Learning. De Mooij, M. (2013).Global marketing and advertising: Understanding cultural paradoxes. Sage Publications. Google. (2016). Google.co.in. Retrieved 12 August 2016, from https://www.google.co.in/ Jobber, D., Ellis-Chadwick, F. (2012). Principles and practice of marketing (No. 7th). McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Kotler, P. (2012). Kotler on marketing. Simon and Schuster. Kotler, P., Burton, S., Deans, K., Brown, L., Armstrong, G. (2015).Marketing. Pearson Higher Education AU. Shani, D., Chalasani, S. (2013). Exploiting niches using relationship marketing.Journal of Services Marketing. Sheth, J. N., Sisodia, R. S. (2015).Does marketing need reform?: Fresh perspectives on the future. Routledge. Best, R., 2012. Market-based management. Pearson Higher Ed. Foxall, G. (2014). Strategic Marketing Management (RLE Marketing) (Vol. 3). Routledge. Hollensen, S. (2015). Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Homburg, C., Kuester, S., Krohmer, H. (2013). Marketing management: A contemporary perspective. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. IDEO | A Design and Innovation Consulting Firm. (2016).Ideo.com. Retrieved 12 August 2016, fromhttps://www.ideo.com JIM THOMPSON - The Thai Silk Company | Fabrics, Restaurants and Bars, Shop Online, Publications, Farm. (2016).Jimthompson.com. Retrieved 12 August 2016, fromhttps://www.jimthompson.com Kotler, P., 2012. Marketing Management, millenium edition: Custom Edition for University of Phoenix. Kotler, P., Keller, K.L., Manceau, D. and Hmonnet-Goujot, A., 2015. Marketing management (Vol. 14). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Hutt, M. Speh, T. (2014).Business marketing management B2B. Andover: Cengage Learning EMEA. IDEO | A Design and Innovation Consulting Firm. (2016).Ideo.com. Retrieved 12 August 2016, from https://www.ideo.com JIM THOMPSON - The Thai Silk Company | Fabrics, Restaurants and Bars, Shop Online, Publications, Farm. (2016).Jimthompson.com. Retrieved 12 August 2016, from https://www.jimthompson.com Microsoft Official Home Page. (2016).Microsoft.com. Retrieved 12 August 2016, from https://www.microsoft.com Percy, L. Elliott, R. (2012).Strategic advertising management. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Well Go No More A

Well Go No More A-roving Essay In Well Go No More A-roving, Lord Byron proves the essentiality of ones youth in their life. Through this the poet brings in the universal concept of wear and tear to as he tries to make the reader realize that the end of youth can halt benefits for a person and one should enjoy it to the fullest. Byron provides illustrations of physical wear and tear in order to make the reader understand the bodily change that one goes through during old age. He writes For the sword outlives its sheath/ And the soul wears out the breast, and by this he suggests that the body is outworn by age and is no longer able to keep up. We will write a custom essay on Well Go No More A-roving specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now As one grows older, it is difficult for their body to hold on by time and such physical changes are inevitable. The poet has dramatized his approach here with these examples of wear and tear in order to lure the attention of the readers to understand these descriptions in depth. Byron tries to put forward to the reader that no one can dodge these corporal transformations and they are bound to happen eventually. Although bodily changes take place, Byron tries to make the reader be aware that the changes do not affect intangible things. Even though ones body may grow older and shrivelled, their thoughts and emotions do not deteriorate. However when he writes And the heart must pause to breathe,/ And love itself have rest, it gives the impression that although love and the emotional state of the heart can not be significantly altered, after a period of intense emotional upheaval one requires a rest. Byron also tries to tell the reader that as one grows, nothing stops for their growth. He writes And the moon be still as bright and through this the reader gets a sense that age can not stop the regular routine of nature and nature will just continue its usual activities. The poets use of melancholic tone indicates the reader that Byron must be mourning his lost youth. The loss of youth is just the more reason to enjoy it till it lasts. Byron writes Though the night was made for loving,/ And the day returns too soon,/ Yet well go no more a-roving and by this he is trying to make the reader recognize that ones youth is like the exciting night which through its loving is made to experience, explore and to enjoy. However its end can disturb this privilege one holds, leaving the person to weep for this loss. Byron tries to make the reader understand that although old age may not change the situation around one, it may affect things important to them, for e. g. even the love that has to eventually rest. One gets the sense that ultimately every object wears out its holder and this strikes the reader with the reality of life, which eventually also will finish off. The reader realizes that not only is youth an essential phase of their life but it is also the part that allows them the most benefits and opportunities, leaving one with the decision whether to enjoy them or not.

Using the Each Method in Ruby

Using the Each Method in Ruby Every array and hash in Ruby is an object, and every object of these types has a set of built-in methods. Programmers new to Ruby can learn about how to use the each method with an array and a hash by following the simple examples presented here. Using the Each Method With an Array Object in Ruby First,  create an array object by assigning the array to stooges. stooges [Larry, Curly, Moe] Next, call the each method and create a small block of code to process the results. stooges.each { |stooge| print stooge \n } This code  produces the following output: Larry Curly Moe The each method takes two arguments- an element and a block. The element, contained within the pipes, is similar to a placeholder. Whatever you put inside the pipes is used in the block to represent each element of the array in turn. The block is the line of code that is executed on each of the array items  and is handed the element to process. You can easily extend the code block to multiple lines by using do to define a larger block: stuff.each do |thing| print thing print \n end This is the same as the first example, except that the block is defined as everything after the element (in pipes) and before the end statement. Using the Each Method With a Hash Object Just like the  array object, the  hash object  has an  each  method that can be used to apply a block of code on each item in the hash.  First, create a simple  hash object  that contains some contact information: contact_info { name Bob, phone 111-111-1111 } Then, call the  each  method and create a single line block of code to process and print the results. contact_info.each { |key, value| print key value \n } This produces the following output: name Bob phone 111-111-1111 This works exactly like the  each method  for an  array object  with one crucial difference. For a hash, you create  two  elements- one for the  hash  key and one for the value. Like the array, these elements are placeholders that are used to pass each  key/value  pair into the code block as  Ruby loops  through the hash. You can easily extend the code block to multiple lines by using  do  to define a larger block: contact_info.each do |key, value| print print key value print \nend This is the same as the first hash example, except that the  block  is defined as everything after the elements (in pipes) and before the  end  statement.

Shanghai Architecture Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Shanghai Architecture - Term Paper Example The economic history of the city signifies that Shanghai is an economic hub that is capable of transforming China into a developed state. Historical context Humans started settling in Shanghai 6000BC when they were attracted by the waters surrounding the city. The population formed a village that specialized in fishing. The Tang Dynasty developed the village into a town in 751 AD, when the empire marked its tenth year of ruling in China. The empire created a district that was known as the Song Jiang. This attracted higher settlement and fishing, and the village developed into a town. The town developed further under the leadership of the Northern Song Dynasty in 951AD (Warr, 2007). The Southern Song Empire later created Shanghai town as an official city because of the expansion of the population and fishing. This empire opened the port of Shanghai that would be used by ships that transported cargo to various regions. Ships transporting goods to and from Korea and within China used th e port to load and offload cargo. The transformation of the city into a port attracted business persons who settled near the harbor. The investors settled in the town to carry out their businesses with ease. The population that settled in Shanghai formulated new economic activities such as the production of cotton and textiles. Business persons made textiles using the cotton that was grown in the town. The production of textiles and farming of cotton led to the formation of a national cotton textile center. The Ming Dynasty created the center to facilitate the international trade of the goods. The center attracted the formation of administrative units that maintained peace in the region (Thubron, 2007). The cotton and textile business grew nationally and internationally. The goods were sold to international markets such as the European Union and America. The export of textiles led to further development and settlement in the town. In 1911 when the Qing Dynasty was in its last year o f ruling, Shanghai had developed into a powerful economic haven. The population of the city had grown to two hundred thousand, and the town had become a central harbor for ships transporting goods internationally (Mann, 2012). The population of the town had reached three and a half million by 1934. The population consisted of nationalities from other countries such as Britain, France, Japan, Italy, and Russia among others. Shanghai was named the fifth largest financial hub after London, Berlin, New York, and Tokyo (Warr, 2007). The growth of Shanghai continues to grow up to today when the city produces fifty five billion dollars worth of Gross Domestic Product in China. Narration of the Colonial Empire The beginning of the nineteenth century attracted mass immigration in Shanghai because of its economic past. British, Europeans, and Americans settled in the city, and each of these groups had various intentions of settling in the town. The British were the first to settle in Shanghai after defeating China in the opium war. The war arose because the Qing emperor of China opposed the importation of opium in the county (Warr, 2007). The British won in the war, and the importation of the drug from India continued; the export of silk and porcelain in Britain also continued. The trade of the goods, however, continued after the signing of the Nanking treaty. British missionaries settled along the Yangtze River after the signing of the treaty, and they formed colonies in the Shanghai. The

Mmm17 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mmm17 - Essay Example In today’s world it has become imperative for organizations to disclose information that support and complement their responsible business claims. An organization that fails to voluntarily disclose its sustainability practices is bound to suffer the consequences as in this age, the stakeholders give immense value to the ethical aspects of the business and what measures an organization takes to give back to its people and the community it operates in. a successful business not only indulges in ethical practices that safeguard the rights of the people and protect the environment, but also makes an effort to relate the information regarding the purpose of each such step taken. Feedback is welcomed and acknowledged to increase a business’s worth in the minds of the stakeholders and the consumers. The changing market dynamics in order to increase business transparency has given birth to many concepts like corporate social responsibility, green marketing, employee rights etc. Corporate social responsibility refers to an organizations voluntary actions to give back to the society it operates in. in this way, businesses ensure that every member of their value chain benefits equally from the business as they are the ones who contribute to the end profit (Jamali & Mirshak, 2007). For example, any organizations involved in dairy products ensure that the farmers are incentivized adequately, the cattle are provided with hygienic conditions and the purification centers follow strict quality standards. Businesses also tend to build the rural areas in order to increase the opportunities for the farmers to generate more crop yield, breed more animals etc. by building schools and health centers in the rural areas the farmers are able to provide their children with better education and health and believe that the business they work with cares for their well-being as well.

Enhancing the Self through Tennis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Enhancing the Self through Tennis - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that players can choose from one-on-one game play or doubles matches, involving four or more combatants on the court. Whatever version of the game they decide, tennis provides a forum where players maintain routine socialization with opponents, creating the opportunity for increased camaraderie and the development of long-term friendships both on and off the court. In contemporary society, a common theme can be observed which promotes the professional and social benefits of teamworking and networking as methods to enhance life successes. With this in mind, tennis provides the opportunity to build a solid set of social skills, improving one's ability to work positively with others. Whether one-on-one or doubles, this athletic pastime could potentially provide an opportunity to network with others on the court, perhaps creating a chance to advance one's career through newfound prospects.As the essay declares  most interesting to improving one's personal su ccesses through tennis is the old adage which suggests that practice makes perfect. Virtually anyone familiar with the game would likely offer that perfecting tennis skills represents a significant commitment to the player. One does not walk onto the court a tennis professional, thus continued practice creates a noticeably more proficient player.  Personal goal-setting requires similar commitment and determination in order to emerge into the life position they desire.

Scenario And Challenges Of Retail Banking In India Finance Essay

Scenario And Challenges Of Retail Banking In India Finance Essay ABSTRACT This paper discusses the overview of retail banking in India. It further explains the scope tremendous growth of this segment among the other segments of banking. The retail sector in India has huge potential is expected to grow at a rapid pace when overall banking sector is expected to grow at 30% this year. The current scenario, products services offered advantages; disadvantages, issues challenges are also a part of this paper. INTRODUCTION Today, the marketing mantra is to delight customers by offering them more than their expectations. This leads to more satisfied customers. The same is applied to the banking industry. Indian Economy is moving from manufacturing to service economy where Banking sector is undergoing a change. The demand for financial products is increasing customization of services is becoming a necessity. The retail banking is growing at a rapid pace. Once it was considered as forbidden by the leading foreign domestic banks. But today all the banks have recognized the importance of retail banking which became possible due to extensive competition, innovation advanced technology. With the expected growth of 30% for retail banking, the banks are focusing more more on it. They are moving up to the potential of this segmant of banking. In terms of revenue for both public private sector banks, Retail banking is a major contributor. PSBs are considered to be more risk averse. In comparison to the private banks, PSBs have higher exposure to the retail banking segment lesser exposure to treasury operations, in which foreign banks holds maximum revenue. In Public Sector Banks, SBI alone holds more than 1/4th of the revenue from retail banking operations. The PSBs have higher share in retail banking because of their rural reach in comparison to private or foreign banks. Out of the total branches of banks in rural India, PSBs have for 94.7% of them. As on 31st march, 2008 the revenue in different segments is shown for PSBs, Private Foreign Banks. PSBs Private Banks Foreign Banks The Indian players are confident towards the Indian Retail banking. The reason for it is that There has been a drastic change in the urban household income pattern which has directly impacted the consumption patterns hence the banking habits of Indians have tilted towards the Retail products services. The spending pattern in India is also increasing. The bullish pattern can be seen in the Retail business. The total outstanding Retail loans in India are below 5% of the Indian GDP whereas they are around 41 of the GDP in Taiwan. The figures are more surprising while comparing with the West. Compared to Western countries, India is lagging behind in the use of credit cards. In India the people have generally save a lot. On an average an Indian saves 35% of his income. Therefore, no. of banking services provided by banks is increasing day by day. Also the tax benefits are available on various loans. For ex- a borrower can avail tax benefits for the loan repayment the interest charged for the loan in case of housing loans. Retail banking is actually a mass market banking where individual customers use local branches of the large commercial banks. The focus is on creating products services that meet the needs of the target customers and in turn making profits as well. Since retail banking products are more on a mass production basis, therefore, all risks operations are to cater to a large number of customers are also based on them. This approach is quite different from wholesale banking or corporate banking where target is on large sized customer accounts rather than large numbers of customers as in the case of retail banking. For servicing your customer better it is very important to understand retail banking as it helps in structuring products and meeting specific requirements for each set of products. ATM introduced the concept of Anytime banking. Anywhere banking became possible with the development of satellites telecom networks across the world. Now it is the time for Anyhow banking the bank which will have all these 3 As will be the leading bank of the next century. RETAIL BANKING Retail banking is quite broad in nature. It refers to dealing with individual customers by commercial banks, both on liabilities assets sides of their balance sheet. Fixed savings /current accounts come on the liabilities side mortgages and loans come on the assets side. Various other services include credit cards or depository services. Retail banking retail lending are often confused with each other but retail lending is only a subset of the retail banking. Individual customers need requirement are accessed approached in an integrated manner in retail banking. Retail banking sector is consists of: BENEFITS OF RETAIL BANKING Retail Banking has become a better option for banks to increase their earnings as the lending to corporate is of high risk are generally slow moving. This sector consists of a large no. of customers of varied class. This type of banking provides customized wide range of products to individual small units. Also the risk is spread the recovery is very good. The products can be designed, deployed marketed according to the individual requirements. ANALYSIS OF RETAIL BANKING STRENGTH Diversified asset portfolio Retail banking consists of a wide range of financial product services. These include deposit product, home loan, loan against equity shares, mortgage loan, auto loan, car loan, payment of bills, credit card, debit card etc. Such a diversified asset portfolios provide banks with higher profit relatively lower NPA (non Performing Assets). Upcoming as a new growth driver Over past few years, fierce competition has lowered the spread profitability from a commercial loan. Also, with the deregulation and increase in consumer loan rate, the risk adjusted return in retail sector has exceeded beyond the return on commercial loan. CRM tools The customer Service Quality implementation through use of CRM tools will help banks in acceptance of their banking product and satisfaction of customer that will eventually yield profit for them. Innovative product development In financial services there is an unlimited scope for development innovation. Banks should approach the customers to find out their financial need problem and accordingly structure their strategies towards the development of the product services, marketing them finally selling them to satisfy its customer. Increase in income With the increase in per capita income growth in urbanization the life style of people has changed. The needs aspirations of people have increased. Therefore, the role of retail banking has become important. By providing various products services like personal loan, education loan, home loan etc to its customer, the retail banking helps in maintaining the changing life style of its customers through affordable credit. Economies of scale Through Retail Banking, Banks can get the benefits of information transaction. Banks have access to more information through extended services. They should systematically record this customer information as it can help them in efficient utilization of this information, which in turn can be used in finding out new segmento of market to sell their new services. WEAKNESS Reduces the profitability Retail banking requires high capital investment as a huge amount is spent on managing the wide range of product service which further requires large staff high quality technology. All this reduces the overall banks profitability. Avoids corporate sector Retail banking avoids corporate sector which forms the backbone of Indian economy. Banks should properly manage their corporate clients through lower arte credit, higher amount of loan etc. Corporate clients are easily manageable as they have well defined financial policy projects. Changes in technology If banks are not able to match with the latest technology it may affect their growth. Also the technology requires huge amount of capital investment if suppose, the technology fails then it will affect the banks reputation the bank may lose some of its customer. Marketing Retail banking requires strong internal as well as external marketing strategies to be adopted by bank. Under retail banking the management needs those employees who can introduce product properly to their customers. The employees must be aware of the products they are offering because if this is not the case then it can lead to the failure of even a very good product. Also bank should spend a lot on its marketing of product to general public. All this increases the expenses of banks in terms of time cost required to introduce the product. OPPORTUNITIES 1) Increase in per capita income: There has been increase in the per capita income over the past few years is expected to grow in the future also. Moreover, the younger population is more comfortable in taking personal debt than previous generations. Their purchasing power has also increased due to economic growth more jobs. Also GDP of India is rising at a very good rate. Currently it is around 9% is expected to rise in the near future. Innovation in products services This segment has more scope for innovation as banks tries to provide more more products services to their customers as desired by them. Banks can continuously modify its products services to match the market demand sustain in this competitive era. 3) Growing Economy Retail banking has enormous opportunities in a growing economy like India. A.T. Kearney, a global mgnt. consulting firm, identified India as the 2nd most attractive retail destination among the 30 emergent markets. THREATS Large payout of loans The increasing competition has made the banks to disburse large no. of customer loans, auto loans, home loans, loans on credit cards, educational loans etc. on easy terms without much inquiry. Due to this the no. of case of default in loan repayment has increased. This in turn has increased the banks bad debts nonperforming assets (NPA). This was one of the major reasons for recession which has affected the world. 2) Customer privacy issues One of the major problems from customers point of view is that the customer service representatives of the banks ring up their customers at any time at their places of work, informing them about new products services. This may cause inconvenience to busy customers. Banks are also responsible for not sharing the personal information of the customers with any outside agencies like market research groups other advertisers. 3) Information Technology With the growth of IT, a number of frauds have aroused are carried out with the help of technology. These frauds come under the domain of cyber crimes. The unscrupulous elements have always attacked banks. In many cases these elements have stolen credit card no., password other confidential information relating to customer. For ex- Satyam scam. These elements have also hacked banks website. BANKING PRODUCT The banking product areas which have high growth potential can be classified as follows: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ HOUSING LOANS Housing loan comprises of 48% of all retail loans. The customer attitudes toward holding debt translated this market into a market that expanded with a rate of 35% annually from 1999 to 2004. Also the lending rates are not very high and the growing household income enables the borrower to make the payment of interests principal amount. Banks generally have tie ups with various real estate companies. This is to reduce to efforts on the side of customer for taking loans. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ VEHICLE LOANS Housing loan comprises of 27.2% of all retail loans. Car sales volume in 2004 increased to more than a million vehicles and annual growth in sales reached 954,354 in 2007. The sales of bikes have also increases. Banks provide various lucrative plans to finance your car or a bike. They often come up with various schemes which increases the sales of the vehicles help people fulfill their aspirations. India has become the 3rd largest market for cars MUVs. The growth drivers of this segment are easy finance, low interest rates, opening up of 2nd hand car finance up gradation of rider to four wheelers from two wheeler. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ SME BANKING Initially public sector banks in India focused only on big industries instead of small businesses. But today SME market in India has expanded beyond 4 million businesses. These businesses are growing, importing exporting and demanding more more complicated banking products and services. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ PERSONAL FINANCIAL SERVICES Banks provided this service to boost the financial status of individuals. The banks that can establish the right combination of account mgnt distribution infrastructure can avail the benefits from growing market for wealth management. The services can be saving income in bank accounts or investing in insurance ISSUES TO THE RETAIL-BANKING SECTOR The key policy issues in retail banking sector are: financial enclosure, accessibility to finance, protection of consumer his privacy, financial capability, responsible lending, regulation prevention of financial crime. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF RETAIL BANKING ADVANTAGES The advantages from the resource asset point of view are as follows: Resource Side Apart from current savings accounts, the deposits in retail banking are comparatively stable. These constitute core deposits. Helps in increasing the subsidiary business of the banks. They are interest insensitive in case of current savings accounts. The funds in this sector are the low cost funds. Helps in building a strong customer base. ASSETS SIDE For funds deployment, Retail banking is a good opportunity. When there is a high demand for banking products services, Retail banking need not require high marketing efforts. Consumer loans involve less amount of risk have perception of less NPA. Through investments in productivity activities, it helps in economic revitalization of the nation. Through affordable credit, this segment of banking improves lifestyle of the people fulfils the aspirations of the people. Diversified portfolio due to huge customer base reduces risk for a bank. DISADVANTAGES Huge capital investment is required in designing new financial products. It requires a lot of time cost for the bank. Today net banking is preferable over branch banking by customers. It is not possible for banks to retain their customers if their technology is not up to the mark. The customers wishing to use net banking will switch over to the services of some other bank. Various other financial products like mutual funds etc. attract customers towards themselves. Banks are not able to exploit the technology to an appropriate level Banks is spending heavily on human resource department for monitoring following up of large no. of loan accounts. In the absence of proper follow-up, long term loans like housing loan which involves long repayment term can become NPAs. As compared to wholesale banking, the amount borrowed in retail banking by a single customer is very low. Therefore, the bank is not able to make huge profits from a single customer. STRATEGIES FOR SUCCESS IN RETAIL BANKING Banks should adopt the following strategies to achieve success in the retail banking sector. Adoption of advanced latest technology Availability of skilled man power in all branches offices Extensive market research should be carried out in order to formulate innovative competitive products services Managing relationship with customers by having an approach of customer relationship management. There should be balanced and sustained growth in deposits advances More more delivery channels should be explored Service quality should be improved with human touch giving the customers personal experience Proper strategic cost management should be adopted Constant focus should be there on Universal banking and financial supermarkets Cross Selling of Products Public Sector Banks have a wide network of branches. This provides them with added advantage over other banks. Through these branches banks have an opportunity as they can sell third-party products. Tie Up arrangements Public, private foreign banks should tie up enter into strategic alliance with other banks to extend their reach by having presence in various other regions. This will help them by enabling them to make benefits by reaching customers across the country. Business Process Outsourcing Outsourcing of various processes will save time cost. Eventually this will help the banks in concentrating on their core business area, that is, their core competency. For ex- Managing ATMs should be outsourced, which will save banks from dealing with something which is not their core competency. CHALLENGES TO RETAIL BANKING IN INDIA The key challenges before the bank is to strike a balance between credit growth quality of asset simultaneously and sustaining the profitability in the increasing interest rate scenario. With the advancement in technology, there has been increase in the responsibilities challenges for an IT department in managing, maintaining optimizing the performance of retail banking networks. According to credit rating agency CARE, in 2010-11, the non performing assets (NPAs) in the industry are expected to rise to 3.5 % of the total assets as compared to previous fiscal years 2.8 %. Therefore, measures should be adopted to reduce NPA. As per the RBIs instructions, banks are required to provide for 70% of the total bad loans on their books from Sep 2010. The new Base rate is yet to be implemented which will ensure transparency in the lending but will reduce banks profits as they will then be able to lend at or above base rate not below it. This may affect banks as they may lose their some customers to whom the loan were given at below PLR. RBI has also asked banks to provide interest on savings accounts on daily basis. This will put pressure on margins of banks. RBI is adopting various measures to reduce liquidity. They have increased CRR also increased Repo reverse repo rate. All this will impact the lending rate of banks as the interest rate will rise to reduce liquidity in market. But this will be a threat to banking sector. At this time when interest rates are higher interest rate volatility exists, the Current Account Saving Account (CASA) deposits help banks maintaining their margins. These accounts helps in maintaining the spread between the cost of funds interest earned in a period of high interest rates. In recent past, the outsourcing of various activities such as software hardware maintenance, entire ATM operation (including cash, refilling) etc. has become very important. The banks should have innovative strategic management approach to meet its customers needs requirements in terms of products or services. It is generally said that, it takes months to find a good customer but only seconds to lose him. Therefore, banks should have the strategy of Knowing Your Customer (KYC). To retain the ongoing trust of the public reputation, banks are supposed to meet their commitments take utmost care while serving their customers. In order to increase the market share profitability in the retail banking corporate banking, the customer loyalty is very important. As per the government order, banks have to align their accounting practices in line with the IFRS (International Financial Reporting System) within 2 more years. Limited no. of branches ATMs in rural areas. Less education or training is given to the people in rural areas who are illiterate dont know how to do avail the basic benefits from banking, forget about operating ATMs. If all these challenges are faced by the banks with utmost care and deliberation, the retail banking is expected to play a very crucial role in coming years. CONCLUSION Since the reforms in financial sector in India, Retail banking is facing a lot of competition. Today banks are on their toes for sustaining in existing business capturing new business. Banks are competing for increasing their retail business. Constant innovation should be there in retail banking in areas product development differentiation, marketing, micro-planning, prudent pricing, technological up gradation, customization, home / electronic / mobile banking, asset liability management effective risk management and t techniques. But in the Indian banks, there is very less little or no interest in innovative products. Innovation should not only in terms of technology or through internet or computers but it should be such that it benefits even the rural areas. You cant just really on technology become a tech savvy in a country where Internet penetration is only 1.65%. While retail banking offers exceptional growth opportunities, the challenges are equally discouraging. Therefore, banks should face the challenges optimistically make use of opportunities to make profit. The success in retail banking business depends on the kind of technology used the effectiveness of operations. This provides the banks an edge over their competitors. Furthermore, customer interest should be most important for becoming a responsible bank. The focus of this sector should not only remain to just increasing the per capita indebtedness but it should be in terms of creation of wealth at macro economical level. RECCOMENDATIONS The retail banking sector in India should adopt knowledge banking approach which is one of the differentiating strategies of Yes Bank who is among the top 10 innovative banks of the world. The focus should be there on sun rising sectors of economy like IT, Engineering, infrastructure logistics, food agriculture etc. These are sectors of economy have growth prospects. Banks should extend their operations to rural semi urban areas should have a responsible banking approach. This can be done by educating training people to avail the benefits of banking services which will not only help the banks in increasing their reputation but will also help them in long term perspective to increase the profits by tapping the untapped areas.

1984 vs. Brave New World :: compare contrast

There are lots of ways to compare 1984 by George Orwell to Brave New World by Aldous Huxley. They both have to do with very futuristic ideas. I noticed that they both had basically the same character structure. In 1984, there is the leading lady Julia, and in Brave New World, there is Lenina Crowne. The main male character in 1984 is of course Winston Smith, and the leading man in Brave New World is a cross between Bernard Marx and John the so-called savage. There are also two god-like figures in the novels. I noticed this. One is O'Brien from 1984 and the other is Mustapha Mond from Brave New World. The basic ideas of the two novels are also similar. They have to do with rebellion against the so-called perfect new world and the sanctuary they find at the end. John the savage found peace by hanging himself. (It was hard to notice that, but I did. It made an excellent ending to the novel.) Bernard found peace by being transferred to an island where things were different and supposedly better. Winston found peace by being brainwashed into becoming a person with a totally different personality so that things felt more agreeable. A highly discussed topic in both of the books was sex. In 1984, Winston felt like sex was a rebellion. He is drawn to his lover Julia because she is corrupt and she enjoys sex, although she hides it by being a member of the "anti sex rally". In Brave New World, sex isn't looked upon as a crime, nor is pleasure. In fact, sex is promoted. As long as everyone uses regulation birth control and no one gives birth to a child naturally, then sex is considered perfectly normal. It is even promoted with the children who are decanted, which means that the Utopian embryos are taken out of the bottles in which they've matured. The sexual activities the children participate in is called "erotic play", in which they run around naked exploring one another's bodies in which ever way they please. It is designed to forestall any adult feelings of guilt concerning sex when they are older. So that is one way in which the two stories differ. One promotes sex where the other doesn't and actually demotes it. I will now compare Lenina Crowne to Julia. Lenina Crowne is a girl who would be described as voluptuous or the majority of the Utopian society in which she lives call her pneumatic.

Harvard Business Review Reflection Essay

Introduction The article entitled â€Å"Scorched Earth † written by Elizabeth Economy (senior fellow for Asia with the U.S. Council on Foreign Relations in New York) and Kenneth Lieberthal (William Davidson Professor of Corporate Strategy and International Business, the China director of Davidson Institute, and the Arthur Thurnau Professor of Political Science at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, senior director of Stonebridge International, a Washington, D.C.–based consulting firm, and the co-author, with Geoffrey Lieberthal, of â€Å"The Great Transition† (HBR October 2003)) was published in the Harvard Business Review of June 2007 on the pages 88 to 96. The article deals with the problem of environmental degradation in China which is of great concern for MNEs that are active in, or are going to be active in China concerning both future opportunities and risks. Summary The authors of this article consider the threat posed by environmental degradation as the greatest risk of doing business in China. The problem is that this topic is barely discussed within corporations. This is a serious mistake. Multinationals may be busy with other problems, but the Chinese government, NGOs, and the Chinese press have been focused squarely on the country’s energy shortages, soil erosion, lack of water, and pollution problems. The authors believe that these problems are so severe they might constrain GDP growth. Moreover, it is from the MNEs expected to play a key role in the protection of the environment. If that does not happen, multinationals face clear risks to their operations, their workers’ health, and their reputations. In implementing environmental issues into their strategies, foreign firms need to be both defensive and proactive. Defensive  here means take steps to reduce harm and proactive means investing in environmental protection efforts. Finally, this problem also brings some opportunities along as MNEs can use innovations that are designed for the Chinese market in the rest of the world. This means that China affects the MNEs performance in other important markets. Review Weaknesses and limitations relating to the content First of all, the article only emphasizes the weaknesses of China regarding environmental issues. Instead of laying the responsibility at the Chinese government, the MNEs are somewhat kept responsible. This is quite unfair and this way, the authors create a problem that in reality is way less extensive. Secondly, we would like to quote a part of the article: â€Å"Despite the challenges, multinationals can’t afford not to do the right thing† (Economy, Lieberthal, 2007, p.96)  We believe that this statement is completely wrong as a lot of companies that are active in China, just do not do anything about it. They are even encouraged to do the ‘wrong thing’ by the local governments. Thirdly, time after time, the authors emphasize how big China’s influence is on the pollution in the world. However, this is quite logical as China is one of the biggest countries in the world. Therefore, this is really annoying and not really useful in the article. Fourthly, referring to the challenges described, there is no clear relationship between, for instance, the spill of water by the Chinese population and MNEs. This because MNEs cannot do anything about this issue. Furthermore, it is not really the MNEs’ responsibility. Therefore we consider this challenge as superfluous. (Economy, Lieberthal, 2007) Finally, the authors do spend enough time on the concept of using their new innovations for China (concerning environmental degradation etc.) in other key markets. This is actually the most important part of the article and therefore more attention should be paid to this concept. (Economy, Lieberthal, 2007) Strengths of the article relating to the content and structure To begin with, the authors have done very well in describing the environmental degradation as a problem among a long of other problems in China. The contrast described in the introduction really attracts attention. (Economy, Lieberthal, 2007) Furthermore, the article  describes that MNEs can actually benefit from these environmental problems as they can use innovations from the Chinese market in other important markets. This is quite a creative consideration we could never think of. (Economy, Lieberthal, 2007) Another strong point is that the article gives advice about how to deal with the Chinese political system. A special segment of the article is dedicated to this subject. Moving on with the subject of structure, the article is quite well structured. As a reader, you can clearly distinguish between an introduction to a problem, a detailed description of the problem(s) and finally a part dedicated to the solutions . However, there are a couple of things that we do not like about the article?s structure. First of all, concerning the discussion of China?s challenges (water, energy, soil erosion etc.), the authors spent too much time on the description of these challenges. (Economy, Lieberthal, 2007) These challenges are extensively described along with a lot of specific data which is unnecessary as the article does not directly describe how managers should cope with these challenges. Instead, the authors move on with discussion another set of risks. Then, eventually, some solutions are given. In general this is a good thing. However, we would rather have seen the solution along with the challenges and risks in order to improve the clarity of the article. And as we said before, the authors could spend less time on describing the challenges as all the specific data has no connection with the solutions given. Relation to the course IIB This article concerns environmental problems in China and that is a problem for all MNEs because of the fact that there is only one environment in the world and we have to make sure that does not cause unrepairable damage to that environment. This because it crosses all borders and is not bounded to a certain location. Therefore environmental damage in China can influence business activities in other markets due to, for instance, a shortage of certain raw materials. Moreover, it can limit the possibilities of MNEs in the future. Moreover, the article discusses the opportunities of China-specific innovations that can be applied in other markets. This implies the creation of a FSA. Conclusion One of the things that we have learned from this article is the fact that Chinese local governments, along with a part of the population play a bigger role than expected in the environmental degradation than expected. We assumed that most pollution derived from MNE activity in China. Another thing that we have learned that you eventually pay a high price for your, initially cheap business activities. After extensively analysing this article, a couple of question came to mind. First of all, the article forecasts that the environmental damage will have a great impact on China?s GDP. Quoting the article: â€Å"China’s environmental problems are reaching the point where they could constrain its GDP growth.† (Economy, Lieberthal, 2007, p. 90) We would like to know if the authors, if they had the possibility, would change this statement to let it match the current circumstances. We ask this question because, in our eyes, the impact has not been that great. In the media, for instance, there is nothing said about the constraining factors on China’s GDP growth. Another question that came to mind is the following: According to the article, the Chinese local governments play an important role in the environmental problematic cases. (Economy, Lieberthal, 2007) Doesn’t this mean that the focus should lay at these governments rather than the organizations? In our eyes, these governments should be punished by international organizations. Such intervention would decrease the MNEs’ challenges significantly. Moving on to our final question, we would like to know if the authors expect that this problem will be completely solved, by either the Chinese government or another institutions, in the near future? Full reference list Economy, E. Lieberthal, K. June 2007. Scorched Earth. Harvard Business Review. P. 88-96

Formal Charge Definition in Chemistry

Formal Charge Definition in Chemistry Formal charge of FC is the difference between the number of valence electrons of each atom and the number of electrons the atom is associated with. Formal charge assumes any shared electrons are equally shared between the two bonded atoms.Formal charge is calculated using the equation:FC eV - eN - eB/2 whereeV number of valence electrons of the atom as if it were isolated from the moleculeeN number of unbound valence electrons on the atom in the moleculeeB number of electrons shared by the bonds to other atoms in the molecule Formal Charge Example Calculation For example, carbon dioxide or CO2 is a neutral molecule that has 16 valence electrons. There are three different ways to draw the Lewis structure for the molecule to determine formal charge: The carbon atom may be joined to both oxygen atom via double bonds (carbon 0, oxygen 0, formal charge 0)The carbon atom may have a single bond with one oxygen atom and a double bond to the other oxygen atom (carbon 1, oxygen-double 0, oxygen-single -1, formal charge 0)The carbon atom may be joined to each oxygen atom via single bonds (carbon 2, oxygens -1 each, formal charge 0) Each possibility results in a formal charge of zero, but the first choice is the best one because it predicts no charge in the molecule. This is more stable and thus is most likely. See how to calculate formal charge with another  example problem. Formal Charge Key Takeaways Formal charge (FC) is the electric charge of an atom in a molecule.It is calculated as the number of valence electrons minus half the number of electrons shared in a bond minus the number of electrons not bound in the molecule.Formal charge is used to estimate the way electric charge is distributed in a molecule.

Science Breakthroughs (2002-2013) Essays

Science Breakthroughs (2002-2013) Essays Science Breakthroughs (2002-2013) Essay Science Breakthroughs (2002-2013) Essay Nueva EciJa University of Science and Technology Laboratory High School Gen. Tinio St. , Cabanatuan City Science Breakthroughs (2002-2013) Submitted to: Maam Arlene Gonzales Submitted by: Euna Rastyne T. Mejia Ill-Argon In 2002, U. S. scientists at the State University of New York at Stony Brook have created the first synthetic virus. Using directions downloaded from the Internet and chemicals obtained from a mail-order company, they built an apparently identical copy of the poliovirus. When injected into lab mice, the synthetic virus caused paralysis and then death. The scientists, who published their findings in the online journal Science Express in July 2002, said that they undertook the experiment to prove the alarming fact that a functional pathogenic virus could be constructed without access to a natural virus. Is this small step for biochemistry a great leap for bioterrorism? Scientists say that few people now have the skill to build a synthetic virus, much less one that could be an efficient bioweapon. The genome of the highly contagious smallpox virus is about 25 times as long as that of the poliovirus and has a more complex process of replication. But its synthesis may one day be possible. This being so, the experiment raises questions about the wisdom of ceasing vaccination when a natural virus has been eradicated. In 2003, the Hubble telescope has detected the oldest known planet†and it appears to have been formed billions of years earlier than astronomers thought possible. Nicknamed Methuselah after the aged biblical patriarch, the planet is an astonishing 12. 7 billion years old. In contrast, all other known planets (including our own) were created about 8 billion years later, roughly 4. 5 billion years ago. Methuselahs age is causing stronomers to reevaluate the prevalent theory of planet formation, which argues that the early universe did not contain sufficient heavy elements (e. g. , carbon, silicon, and oxygen) to allow for planets to form. But Methuselah defies this theory, having debuted when the primordial universe had only one-thirtieth of the heavy elements existing when our own solar system was born. In 2004, celebrated physicist black holes. Whats more, his error cost him a long-standing bet, obliging him to present a baseball encyclopedia to John Preskill of the California Institute of Technology. On the bright side, Hawkings black hole recantation had a rather exciting side-effect: l think, he ventured, l have solved a major problem in theoretical physics. Formed from a collapsed star, a black hole is a cosmic vacuum cleaner, whose gravitational pull is so strong that it sucks up everything in its way. In 1976, Hawking theorized that black holes emit random radiation (later named Hawking radiation) and lose mass until they eventually evaporate without a trace. All the matter sucked into a black hole, and all information about it (its quantum mechanical properties), would then be lost forever. But Hawkings theory contradicts an essential principle of quantum physics: no information can ever be truly destroyed. Black holes, if Hawking was right, defy the laws of the universe as we know it. This radical theory, according to Preskill, precipitated a genuine crisis in fundamental physics. Preskill resisted accepting what became known as the black hole information paradox, and in 1997 Hawking (along with another colleague) bet him that information swallowed by a black hole is forever hidden from the outside universe and can never be revealed, even as the black hole evaporates and ompletely disappears. Seven years later, Hawking claims to have solved the very paradox he created. According to his revised theory, black holes eventually open up, revealing information about what went into them†the information remains firmly in our universe, Hawking asserted. Preskill was pleased enough at having won the bet, but acknowledged, Ill be honest, I didnt understand the talk. Neith er did most others in the audience of the 17th International Conference on General Relativity and Gravitation in Dublin, leaving a stunned group of 800 scientists not sure what had hit hem. Hawkings published proof of his revolutionary findings will follow, but in the meantime, he has paid off his bet to Preskill. The bettors had agreed upon an encyclopedia, which, unlike a black hole, is something from which information can be recovered at will. In 2005, paleontologists discovered the existence of soft tissue in a 68-million-year-old Tyrannosaurus Rex fossil. An unprecedented find in a prehistoric creature†scientists had assumed no such tissue could survive more than 100,000 years†the soft tissue included cells and blood vessels. The discovery was a erendipitous one. Because this T. rex fossil was located in a remote part of Montana (the Hell Creek formation, where about two dozen species of dinosaurs have been found) the fossil had to be removed by helicopter. According to paleontologist Jack Horner, who participated in the excavation, we actually had to split the thighbone into two pieces to get it into the helicopter. When his colleague Mary Schweitzer later examined the hollow cavity of the broken bone in her North Carolina State University lab, she discovered the pliable tissue. Scientists predict the soft tissue will rovide a gold mine of information about the physiology of dinosaurs. Examination of the soft tissue has already yielded several exciting revelations. The tissue included medullary bone, a calcium-enriched substance temporarily present when birds are ready to produce eggshells and lay eggs. Not only does the presence of medullary bone reveal that this particular T. rex was female (paleontologists have never before determined the sex of a dinosaur), but the existence of medullary tissue also According to Schweitzer, it links the reproductive physiology of dinosaurs to birds very closely. It indicates that dinosaurs produced and shelled their eggs much more like modern birds than like modern crocodiles. Horner commented that this is another piece to the puzzle and there are a lot of them. Anyone who would argue that birds and dinosaurs are not related†frankly, Id put them in the Flat Earth Society group. In 2006, paleontologists revealed the discovery of a 375-million-year-old transitional species whose anatomical traits bridge the gap between fish and tetrapod (four-legged vertebrate). Nicknamed the fishapod, its formal name is Tiktaalik roseae, from the Inuit name for a large shallow-water fish. Tiktaalik Joins several other significant transitional fossils†the most famous of which is Archaeopteryx, the part-bird, part-reptile considered the missing link between birds and dinosaurs, which was discovered in 1860, Just two years after Darwin published The Origin of Species. The transformation of aquatic creatures into land animals took place during the Devonian period, about 410 to 356 million years ago. But before the discovery of the 375-million-year-old Tiktaalik fossils, there had been no actual fossil evidence to illustrate this crucial evolutionary moment. According to paleontologist Neil Shubin of the University of Chicago, We are capturing a very significant transition at a key moment of time. What is significant about the animal is that it is a fossil that blurs the distinction between two forms of life†between an animal that lives in water and an animal that lives on land. Tiktaalik resembles a huge scaly fish with a flat, crocodile snout. What amazed scientists was its pectoral fins, which contain bones forming the beginnings of a shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand, and even nascent fingers. Shubin describes the fin as basically a scale-covered arm, asserting hat heres a creature that has a fin that can do push-ups. Tiktaalik could pull its own weight, dragging itself along in shallow water and onto dry land, much like a seal. Tiktaalik also distinguishes itself from a fish by the existence of a primitive neck and ribs. As Harvard University paleontologist Farish A. Jenkins explains, Out of water, these fish encountered gravitational forces very different from the relative buoyancy they enjoyed in an aquatic setting. Restructuring of the body to withstand these forces is evident in the ribs, which are plate-like and overlap like shingles, orming a rigid supporting mechanism for the trunk. And while a fish has no need of a neck†in water, its entire torso easily falls into place behind its head when changing directions†Tiktaaliks developed neck allowed it to move its head while its body, constrained by the stronger pull of gravity on land, remained stationary. According to Edward Daeschler of the Academy of Natural Sciences, the combination of these radically new anatomical features with classic fishlike traits demonstrates that evolution proceeds slowly in a mosaic pattern with some elements changing hile others stay the same. In 2007, scientists reported that they could use human skin cells to create embryonic stem cells. Stem cells have the remarkable ability to grow indefinitely, serving as a sort of repair system for the body. They can potentially divide without limit into any one of the 220 types of cells in the body to without embryonic destruction, which would eliminate the ethical controversy and limited funds for research. With ethical problems out of the way, more resources will become available for stem cell research. Generating stem cells could lead to new isease treatments by taking skin cells from a person with an illness and generating more stem cells that could be observed from the earliest stages of development. By watching a disease as it develops, scientists could potentially design drugs to not only treat it but also prevent it. With stem cells produced from a patients own skin cells, it is possible to create tissue that would not be rejected by their immune system†the same result would require cloning with embryonic stem cells. In 2008, California became the first U. S. state to ban the use of trans fats by restaurants nd food retailers. Trans fats, or hydrogenated oils, are used in processed foods to increase their shelf life. Trans fats are also linked to coronary heart disease. California has 88,000 restaurants that will be affected when this law goes into effect by 2010. California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger said the new law was a strong step toward creating a healthier future. Any restaurant violating the new law will incur fines from $25 to $1,000. In 2009, the Human Epigenome was decoded. The decoding of the human genome nearly a decade ago fueled expectations that an nderstanding of all human hereditary influences was within sight. But the connections between genes and, say, disease turned out to be far more complicated than imagined. What has since emerged is a new frontier in the study of genetic signaling known as epigenetics, which holds that the behavior of genes can be modified by environmental influences and that those changes can be passed down through generations. So people who smoke cigarettes in their youth, for example, sustain certain epigenetic changes, which may then increase the risk that their childrens children will reach puberty early. In October, a team led by Joseph Ecker at the Salk Institute in La Jolla, Calif. studied human skin and stem cells to produce the first detailed map of the human epigenome. By comparing this with the epigenomes of diseased cells, scientists will be able to work out how glitches in the epigenome may lead to cancers and other diseases. The study, which was published in the journal Nature, is a giant leap in geneticists quest to better understand the strange witches brew of nature and nurture that makes us who we are. In 2010, researchers from the J. Craig Venter Ins titute reported the successful construction of first self-replicating, synthetic bacterial cell. They copied and modified an entire genome of a small bacterial cell, inserted it into a living cell of another species, and by doing so created a new, synthetic life. This is the first self-replicating species that weve had on the planet whose parent is a computer, U. S. scientist Craig Venter who led the team said. It also is the first species to have its own website encoded in its genetic code. This is the first self-replicating species that weve had on the planet whose parent is a computer, U. S. scientist Craig Venter who led the team said. It lso is the first species to have its own website encoded in its genetic code. Scientists hope to patent the organism, called Mycoplasma laboratorium and engineer it to manufacture cheap biofuels, medicines and other useful compounds. In 2011, NASAs Kepler Mission scientists, who are charged with discovering Earth-like planets in the so-called habitable zone of stars in the Milky Way, announced the Tatooine); located the first two known Ea rth-sized exoplanets; quadrupled the number of worlds known to exist beyond our solar system; and spied Kepler-22b † the most Earth-like planet weve encountered yet. And heres the really exciting bit: Kepler is Just getting warmed up. In 2012, for the first time in history, researchers at Kyoto University created a mouse by using eggs derived from stem cells alone. The achievement once again shows the remarkable possibilities presented by regenerative technologies like stem cells, while raising pressing ethical questions about the potential for human births in which parents might not be required. In 2013, the idea of taking someone elses poop and giving it a new home in your own colon may sound repulsive, but the treatment has proven emarkably effective in curing infections of C. ifficile†a nasty bacteria that kills 15,000 people each year. Take heart: The digested food waste in feces isnt itself the cure. Youre simply gaining some of the helpful bacteria living in the donors gut†like a farmer choosing the hardiest crops to seed next years fields. The bacteria produce proteins that are involved in a lot more diseases than we realized, says Roizen. Still grossed out? Researchers in Canada have developed a method to deliver Just the bacteria†no feces†via an oral pill, skipping the need for a poo enema.

Genetic modification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Genetic modification - Essay Example This may be to express a gene that is not native to the plant or to modify endogenous genes.† They have given full detail on the scientific procedure that is used in genetic modification of plants. DNA is transferred into the target plant; and, although DNA is not harmful to human health in itself because humans consume it with every plant they eat, yet the risky aspect is that scientists only transfer the genes of interest in the food. Also, the genetically modified plants hold more mutations than other plants, which may mean that the level of nutrients has been reduced or the level of allergens and toxins has been increased. However, this depends upon the procedure and intentions. Genetic modification can be used to increase nutritional content of crops, and also increase food production on the whole. If tightly regulated by government and food agencies, the genetically modified crops are safe to eat. The second article regarding genetic modification is, ‘Genetically mo dified humans: here and more coming soon’, written by Nick Lane (2008). Here, it is about humans and not plants. The thesis statement of this article is that a baby can be created by two mothers genetically which can save him from inheriting dreadful diseases, and this procedure can lead to the development of designer babies. In his article, Lane has illustrated the genetic modification of human beings and has described the procedure that can be used to create babies using the eggs of two women. He tells about the research work that is being carried out by a research team in UK whose purpose is the creation of an embryo with the participation of three parents and without any chance of the baby inheriting dreadful diseases. Lane further tells the role of mitochondria in the procedure. He tells that if the egg from one woman contains defective mitochondria, then these can be replaced by those attained from the donor egg from another woman, and since a mitochondrion itself conta ins DNA, this would mean that the baby is going to have genes from two different women or mothers. This variation in genes, on one hand, eliminates the chance of delivering mitochondrial diseases to the baby, and on the other, can affect the baby’s whole personality. However, Lane states that this procedure gives the baby chance to live with the healthiest genes. Moreover, the article tells about the fact that male mitochondria has nothing to do with the procedure as these are only present in the sperm tail and do not get the chance of penetrating the egg. Lane further talks about the ooplasmic transfer technique that was used in 1990s to control infertility but was afterwards banned by the FDA due to its vague consequences. He tells that the researchers from UK’s Newcastle University are trying another technique that involves the transfer of cell nucleus only and not the mitochondria. The nucleus of the egg with defective mitochondria is transferred to the donor egg. Male infertility can also be cured by injecting healthy mitochondria into the sperm tail which helps in sperm motility. However, scientists are not sure whether the complete elimination of serious diseases is possible by this technique or not. Comparing and contrasting the two articles shows that although both of these talk about genetic modification, but Key, Ma and Drake (2008) have talked about its impact upon plants